Microcontrollers are very small computers that can make smart decisions based on input from the ambient environment and the program embedded in it. That ‘s why they call the systems based on Microcontrollers Embedded Systems.
As the electronics technology is advancing everyday, you can practice you hobby of electronics easily and simply. You can order and buy kits and you can have you home lab for small amount of money. I myself love Microcontrollers and have my home lab. I started by learning the PIC 16F84 Microcontroller because of its simplicity and the material on the web available for its programming, circuits, applications and source-code. After I learned about the PIC 16f84, I began to learn about other microcontroller types as the Atmel and Renesas.
Microcontrollers just as computer , can be generally programmed by any programming language. For small memory microcontrollers, you need to program them in Assembly language to save memory space. But as memory gets bigger and processing speed increases, you can use high-level language as C and C++ .
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